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The accuracy of finite element discretizations modelling one‐dimensional wave propagation problems is presented. The spurious reflections arising from finite/infinite element discretizations for unbounded domain problems are quantified. The error curves, numerically obtained, yield a criterion for rational mesh design. Formulae for minimum discretization ratios are given.

The purpose of this paper is to determine the representative volume element (RVE) size for quasi‐brittle materials using a discrete approach, namely a lattice‐particle model.

Different material samples are generated and subjected to study regarding its size, maximum aggregate size and boundary conditions. In order to determine the mechanical properties such as the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio or tensile strength, several tension tests are carried out. For this purpose, a lattice‐particle approach is used to model concrete's fracturing behavior. The information provided by the previous simulations is implemented in a statistical analysis to determine the size of the RVE.

The determination of the RVE size for quasi‐brittle materials is successfully achieved by means of a lattice‐particle model. Computed results show a good agreement with other results reported in the bibliography.

Within a general multiscale framework, the determination of the RVE size is of great interest and some studies have been performed for random heterogeneous materials. However, these analyses are mainly continuum‐based. The estimation of the RVE size is important for correctly predicting the mechanical properties and can be used in different multiscale schemes.

This study aims to offer a research overview of circular food waste management, covering key themes and trends. It analyses state-of-the-art research in this field and proposes an agenda to guide future research.

This study outlines bibliometric analysis from a sample of 349 articles with VOSviewer and SciMat software to identify research trend topics.

The findings reveal a substantial amount of interest in this field. The main research topics relate to the recovery processes and valorisation of food waste and its conversion into renewable and cleaner materials or energy sources, towards circularity. However, these processes require consideration of social aspects that facilitate their implementation, which are currently under-researched.

Companies can target their circular food waste management by considering three key aspects. Firstly, the establishment of closer and more sustainable relationships with various stakeholders; Secondly, a regulatory framework and the support of institutions are both required for the correct implementation of circularity. Finally, what is not measured does not exist. It is therefore necessary to establish indicators to measure both the level of development of circularity in waste management and the fulfilment of the established objective.

This bibliometric analysis looks at the application of circularity principles in food waste management from a holistic perspective, considering different areas of knowledge.

This study aims to appraise the historical evolution of tourism research focused on Spain. Firstly, an analysis was conducted to assess the production and impact of research within this domain. Secondly, scientific mapping, specifically through co-word analysis, was used to identify and explore the principal research themes and their evolution in the field.

A historical approach was adopted in this study, using 1,100 bibliographic records obtained from the Scopus database. Science mapping was then conducted through co-word analysis of bibliographic data.

The results of the performance analysis provide insights into the volume, evolution and impact of the scientific documents published within the research area under investigation. Moreover, by adopting a longitudinal approach, science mapping through co-word analysis enables the definition of the intellectual structure within this research domain. In this regard, the main research themes are identified, conceptually assessed, and their evolution is examined across three distinct window periods: an initial research period (1972–2002), a growing research period (2003–2012) and a consolidation period (2013–2022).

The study provides a state-of-the-art position on tourism research related to Spain thus guiding future studies in the area. Furthermore, this study provides a comprehensive “snapshot” of the historical progression of tourism research in Spain, capturing the emblematic aspects that have emerged within the area over the investigated time period.

The notion of virtue ethics emphasises individual character as the key element of ethical thinking, which may in turn affect individual actions. There is, however, a lack of attention to this aspect in mainstream theories and practices of motivation in organisations. To address this gap, this chapter focusses on theory of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and argues that it may be integrated with the conceptual framework of virtue ethics proposed by MacIntyre at the individual and organisational levels. A change in value-orientation may also enable a focus on good work instead of a narrow focus on monetary rewards. This chapter reviews literatures on motivation and MacIntyre’s framework, and develops a conceptual model to integrate virtue ethics with motivation. At the end, some avenues for future research are discussed.

The present study examines how virtuous leadership influences moral voice in organisations through moral courage as a mediating variable.

The data were collected using a questionnaire survey of 376 employees and their immediate supervisors (289 employees and 87 supervisors), working in 11 firms of medical suppliers. The data were collected from employees and their immediate supervisors at two different phases and on separate questionnaires.

The results revealed that virtuous leadership has a positive and significant relationship with moral voice. Furthermore, the results showed that moral courage fully mediates the indirect relationship between virtuous leadership and moral voice.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to address the relationship between virtuous leadership and moral voice. In addition, it is the first to explore the mediating mechanism in the relationship between virtuous leadership and moral voice through moral courage as a mediating variable.

This paper aims to investigate the specific tea tourism (TT) determinants. This paper uses the Porter’s Diamond model to critically examine how India and Sri Lanka gained a competitive advantage in the international market.

A cross-country study was conducted in which TT destinations in both India and Sri Lanka were considered for study. TT stakeholder perspectives were assessed through the Porter Diamond model, whereas data collection was based on a structured questionnaire that adopted the conceptual model (refer to the questionnaire as annex 1).

This study revealed that each determinant of Porter’s Diamond model (i.e. Factor Conditions – FC, Demand Conditions – DC, Related and Supporting Industry – RSI, Firm Strategy, Structure and Rivalry – SSR, Government – GO and Situational Force – SF) is playing a significant role in TT and India has an edge on Sri Lanka as a TT destination over each determinant of Porter Diamond model.

This study restricts its scope to the present TT stakeholders of India and Sri Lanka, comprising 6 latent variables and 31 indicators, offering opportunities for future research to tourists and local residents in TT using the same model variables, and indicators.

This study highlights the emerging TT destinations in India and Sri Lanka by sensitizing the competitiveness and comparativeness using Porter’s Diamond model through the partial least squares structural equation modeling.

This study reflects a unique way of exploring emerging TT destinations through Porter’s Diamond model, signifying the competitive advantage.

为了研究茶旅游的具体决定因素, 本文采用波特钻石模型批判性地检验印度和斯里兰卡如何在国际市场上获得竞争优势。

以印度和斯里兰卡作为茶旅游目的地进行的一项跨国研究。基于一项结构化问卷（附件1）进行数据收集, 并通过波特钻石模型评估茶旅游利益相关者的观点。

研究表明, 波特钻石模型的每个决定因素：因子条件（FC）、需求条件（DC）、相关和支持产业（RSI）、企业战略、结构和竞争（SSR）、政府（GO）和情境力量（SF）都在茶旅游中发挥着重要作用。作为茶旅游目的地, 印度比斯里兰卡在波特钻石模型的每个决定因素方面都更具有优势。

目前的研究范围仅限于印度和斯里兰卡目前的茶旅游利益相关者, 包括六个潜在变量和31个指标, 为未来研究茶旅游中游客和当地居民的未来研究使用相同的模型变量和指标提供了可能。

本研究使用波特钻石模型和PLS-SEM模型来突出印度和斯里兰卡作为新兴茶旅游目的地的竞争力和可比性。

这项研究展现了一种通过波特钻石模型来探索新兴茶旅游目的地的独特方法, 表明了它的竞争优势。

Para investigar los determinantes específicos del turismo del té, el documento actual emplea el modelo del Diamante de Porter, examinando de forma crítica, cómo India y Sri Lanka obtuvieron una ventaja competitiva en el mercado internacional.

Este estudio se llevó a cabo en dos destinos turísticos del té como India y Sri Lanka. Las perspectivas de las partes interesadas en el turismo del té se evaluaron a través del modelo del Diamante de Porter, mientras que la recopilación de datos se basó en un cuestionario estructurado, adaptado del modelo conceptual (consulte el cuestionario como anexo 1).

El estudio reveló que cada determinante del modelo del Diamante de Porter; Las condiciones de los factores (FC), las condiciones de la demanda (DC), la industria relacionada y de apoyo (RSI), la estrategia, la estructura y la rivalidad de la empresa (SSR), el gobierno (GO) y la fuerza situacional (SF) están desempeñando un papel importante en el turismo del té e India tiene una ventaja sobre Sri Lanka como destino de turismo de té sobre cada determinante del modelo de Porter.

El estudio actual restringe su alcance a las partes interesadas en el turismo del té de la India y Sri Lanka, que comprende seis variables latentes y 31 indicadores, ofreciendo oportunidades para futuras investigaciones a los turistas y residentes locales en el turismo del té utilizando las mismas variables e indicadores del modelo.

El presente estudio destaca los destinos emergentes del turismo del té en India y Sri Lanka, sensibilizando la competitividad y la comparabilidad, utilizando el modelo del diamante de Porter y el modelo PLS-SEM.

Este estudio refleja una forma única de explorar los destinos emergentes del turismo del té a través del modelo de diamante de Porter, lo que significa la ventaja competitiva.

The history of cybernetics holds important lessons for how we approach present-day problems in such areas as algorithmic regulation and big data. The purpose of this paper is to position Project Cybersyn as a historical form of algorithmic regulation and use this historical case study as a thought experiment for thinking about ways to improve discussions of algorithmic regulation and big data today.

The paper draws from the author’s extensive research on Cybersyn’s history to build an argument for how cybernetic history can enrich current discussions on algorithmic regulation and the use of big data for governance.

The paper identifies five lessons from the Cybersyn history that point to current data challenges and suggests a way forward. These lessons are: first, the state matters; second, older technologies have value; third, privacy protection prevents abuse and preserves human freedom; fourth, algorithmic transparency is important; and finally, thinking in terms of socio-technical systems instead of technology fixes results in better uses of technology.

Project Cybersyn was a computer network built by the socialist government of Salvador Allende under the supervision of the British cybernetician Stafford Beer. It formed part of the government’s program for economic nationalization. Work on the project ended when a military coup brought the Allende government to an early end on September 11, 1973. Since we do not know how the system would have functioned in the long term, parts of the argument are necessarily speculative.

The paper uses Cybersyn’s history to suggest ways that the Chilean experience with cybernetic thinking might enhance, improve, and highlight shortcomings in current discussions of algorithmic regulation.

The paper provides an original argument that connects one of the most ambitious cybernetic projects in history to present day technological challenges in the area of algorithmic regulation.

This study identifies measures to recover economic growth and build sustainable societies and markets in post-COVID-19 scenarios – with a perspective of resilience and adaptability to climate change and massive biodiversity loss. Additionally, this study uncovers the interventions implemented to address economic, environmental and social consequences of past crises based on a systematic literature review. Specifically, this chapter provides answers to the following six questions:

1. What has been done in the past to rebuild social, economic and environmental balance after global crises?

2. Where (geographical region) did the analysis on measures taken concentrate?

3. When have scholars analysed past measures to rebuild business and society after a global crisis?

4. How did the past measures to rebuild business and society after the global crisis take place?

5. Who promotes the measures to rebuild business and society after a global crisis takes place?

6. Why is it important to study the previous literature on past measures to rebuild business and society after a global crisis takes place?

What has been done in the past to rebuild social, economic and environmental balance after global crises?

Where (geographical region) did the analysis on measures taken concentrate?

When have scholars analysed past measures to rebuild business and society after a global crisis?

How did the past measures to rebuild business and society after the global crisis take place?

Who promotes the measures to rebuild business and society after a global crisis takes place?

Why is it important to study the previous literature on past measures to rebuild business and society after a global crisis takes place?

Finally, this chapter identifies future research opportunities to rebuild business and society after the past global crises.

This study aims to investigate the direct and indirect effects of good governance and fraud prevention on the performance of Zakat institutions.

A theoretical model was developed based on stakeholder theory, and data were collected from Indonesian Zakat institutions through convenience sampling design. In total, 142 data sets were analysed using partial least squares-structural equation modelling statistical software.

The results showed that good governance and fraud prevention significantly impact the performance of Zakat institutions. Yet, there was no significant influence of the fairness principle of good governance on Zakat performance in either direct or indirect relationships with fraud prevention.

The results indicated that Zakat institutions as trusted agencies should pay more attention to fairness implementations to avoid fraud. Furthermore, fairness is an early signal that accountants can use to detect either fraudulent or mismanaged Zakat distribution.

This paper provides the empirical justification for a theoretical model of Zakat performance that was conceptualized using good governance principles and Sharīʿah forensic accounting principles.